Ser vs Estar — When to use each one?
This is the most common question for Portuguese learners. Here is the simple rule:
SER = Permanent characteristics
- Eu sou brasileiro (I am Brazilian — identity)
- Ela é professora (She is a teacher — profession)
- O café é quente (Coffee is hot — by nature)
ESTAR = Temporary states
- Eu estou feliz (I am happy — right now)
- Ela está cansada (She is tired — temporarily)
- O café está quente (The coffee is hot — right now, it will cool down)
Quick trick:
If it can change → ESTAR
If it is always true → SER
Practice: Write a sentence using SER and another using ESTAR in the replies below!
You can also ask the AI Tutor to check your sentences!